The article considers modern approaches to general education training in the implementation of educational programmes of secondary vocational education (SVE) in Russia. The main focus is on the integration of the vocational component into the content of general education disciplines, which is due to the growing demand for professional trajectories among school graduates. Since 2021, the process of introducing methods of teaching general education disciplines taking into account the professional orientation of secondary vocational education programmes implemented on the basis of basic general education has been underway, an innovative practice assessed in this article. This methodological system is based on 4 principles: intensification, professionalisation, integration and digitalisation. The authors conduct a qualitative study based on expert interviews and questionnaires, assessing the effectiveness of the new methodological system of teaching general education disciplines, taking into account the professional orientation of vocational education programmes. The results of implementation, barriers to implementation and impact on teachers’ professional development are analysed. The expert community highly appreciates both direct and indirect results of the new methodological system, and new developments are proposed to support the sustainable development of new methodological practices. Nevertheless, a set of deficits and barriers to the implementation of the new methodological system is highlighted, overcoming which may be a way to further growth.

Prevention of corrupt behavior is one of the areas of activity in education. The formation of intolerance to corrupt behavior among students, readiness to be guided by standards of anti-corruption behavior is carried out within the framework of educational activities. The article examines the practice of implementing anti-corruption training and education of college students in training personnel for the railway industry, using the example of the activities of an educational organization of a railway profile. The main documents on the organization of the educational process, the results of activities and the information openness of the organization are analyzed. The conclusions and recommendations of the study make it possible to improve the quality of education in the field of anti-corruption work with students.

This article focuses on strategies for preparing students for the language challenges of the international online youth camp InterTransCamp. It examines the experience of the Orenburg Railway Transport Technical School in preparing contestants for the InterTransChampionship. The goals and objectives of the camp, its structure and working principles are described. Special attention is given to the language training methodology, including work with online simulators, specialized dictionaries, and methodological materials. The process of developing a training strategy, creating additional educational materials, and organizing feedback with participants is analyzed. The importance of an individual approach and constant interaction between the teacher and students is emphasized. The article details the preparation stages, including analysis of the championship structure, study of methodological recommendations, mastery of professional terminology, and work with an online simulator. Methods for developing practical tasks, tests, and case studies to improve students’ language skills in the context of railway specialties are discussed. Particular attention is paid to integrating language preparation with professional competencies in the field of railway transport. In conclusion, the achieved results, including prize-winning places of participants, and prospects for further project development are noted. The article underscores the significance of such international initiatives for enhancing students’ professional and language competencies, as well as for developing intercultural communication in the railway transport sector.

Physics in a railway technical school is not just a general education subject, but taking into account modern teaching methods, it can become a tool for career guidance work. It is the awakening of interest in the profession that is the most important, albeit difficult task of teachers in the first year.

The literature covers various methods aimed at motivating students, actualizing the need to awaken interest in physics as a fundamental science for technical specialties and more. There are many methods aimed at increasing students’ interest in the subject, but within the framework of one article it is not possible to cover them all, therefore only some of them are indicated, which should be used in the implementation of the topic under study.

It is worth noting the insufficient coverage of career guidance motivation of students in modern literature. The perception of physics as a general education subject is sufficient at school, but requires comprehension and a new approach in secondary specialized educational institutions. The problems of modernization of physics education in the context of the topic under study consist in organizing the acquisition of fundamental physics education by students with its adaptation to professional specifics and improving the quality of education with the formation of a competent young specialist as a result.

The article considers the model of the methodological service of the educational organization of the secondary vocational education system, the modern vector of the direction of the methodological service activity to improve the quality of education. Particular attention is paid to the tasks of the methodological service and aspects of their coordination.

Scientific and methodological activity is an integral part of the work of the educational organization aimed at improving the quality of education and the effectiveness of the educational process. Within the framework of this activity, various scientific methods are used, modern trends and innovative approaches in the field of education are analyzed. The methodological service of the educational organization plays a key role in improving the quality of education. It develops and disseminates methodological materials for teachers, analyzes best practices, monitors and evaluates the effectiveness of its activities.

To stimulate the cognitive and creative activity of teachers, a wide range of methods, techniques and technologies is provided that improve the level of pedagogical skills.

The analysis of the role of the methodological service is carried out using a graphical method, which emphasizes the effectiveness of the study and argues the correctness of the chosen methodological trajectory of the educational organization.

The results of the study are based on current data.

The article considers options for organizing the educational process using practical tasks for functional literacy in the discipline “Resistance of Materials”, taking into account the specifics of a higher educational institution of a railway direction. The existing teaching methods given in various teaching aids in this discipline are analyzed. As a result, the lack of thematic directions in the educational process corresponding to the chosen specialty is revealed 23.05.06 “Construction of railways, bridges and transport tunnels” or 23.05.03 “Rolling stock of railways”. It is proposed to change the submission of material in terms of the application of the principles of functional literacy with the obligatory implementation of the discipline work program. The official regulatory documents defining the work on the development of functional literacy in students and students are indicated. Examples of practical tasks for the specified discipline are given based on the standard topics specified in the standard work program of the discipline. The prospective development of this direction of application of non-standard techniques in the submission of practical tasks in various disciplines, including the discipline “Construction Mechanics” indicating the positive results of the application of original tasks in the disciplines “Non-tag rolling stock” and “Computeraided design technologies for components and parts of cars”.

The relevance of scientific research is due to the fact that the effectiveness of teaching mathematics in educational institutions of secondary vocational education (SVE) in Russia allows graduates to develop the necessary skills for work in many areas of economic activity (economics, sociology, technology and production). And taking into account the fact that the modern practice of organizing the teaching of mathematics and other disciplines in secondary vocational education institutions boils down to the use of remote technologies, the formation of a new category of problems that will be relevant in the Russian experience is expected.

The main research method in the presented article is a review of the scientific works of authors, researchers and experts who explore attempts to improve the teaching of mathematics in secondary vocational schools using remote technologies and digital systems/applications.

Trends in the development of the sphere of secondary vocational education in Russia are considered; groups of current problems of teaching mathematics in secondary vocational education institutions were analyzed; prospects for the development of mathematics teaching in secondary vocational education institutions have been identified.

In conclusion of the work, the authors systematized and classified the problems of teaching mathematics in educational institutions of secondary vocational education into the following categories, as problems and difficulties in the development of the sphere of secondary vocational education in Russian practice; difficulties in meeting the need to transform the professional skills of teachers, among whom digital literacy is beginning to be valued.

Grain is one of the most important food products. Nowadays there is a growth of container transportation of bulk cargo and, in particular, grain cargo. The transportation of grain requires the consideration of many factors, which complicates the requirements for the organization of the transportation process. Intermodal transportation of grain plays a special role in solving the problem of starvation in the poorest countries of the world, as well as in international trade with the countries of Southeast Asia and China.

The article considers the features of intermodal transportation of export grain cargo. On the basis of the analysis of statistical and reporting data the urgency of the problem of grain export with the steady growth of the volume of grain cargo transportation in specialized containers is explained, the classification of grain crops is made, the risk factors of grain transportation by sea transport are considered, the logistics chain of grain delivery in bulk is analyzed. Advantages and disadvantages of transportation of grain cargoes in specialized containers, including economic factors, are listed.

It is concluded that to increase the efficiency of transportation of grain cargo in specialized containers it is necessary to improve the organization of logistics process, infrastructure, as well as technologies of terminal and warehouse infrastructure.

The article presents a variety of approaches to the definition of logistics, including a schematic representation of the classification of types and main functions of logistics in the author’s interpretation.

A justification is given for the variability of methods for calculating logistics parameters, supported by illustrative examples from the theory and practice of logistics. It is noted that many solutions to logistics problems are associated with the concepts of optimality and optimization methods, since they often come down to finding the optimal route, optimal resource provision, distribution policy, production management, that is, to the optimal answer, which is achieved by, for example, reducing time for cargo delivery by choosing the most profitable supplier and carrier, as well as through the introduction of modern digital technologies.

It is argued that in order to obtain the best (reliable and accurate) result, it is necessary to consider the entire logistics process not only from the point of view of a management approach, but also methods of mathematical analysis. In this regard, the article focuses on the possibilities of synergy between classical and digital logistics with mathematics and computer science to solve logistics problems. Particular importance is given to the practical use of the “backpack” method and dynamic programming in calculations and analytical conclusions for the purposes of logistics planning and accounting. In the context of the digital transformation of the economy in general, and logistics processes in particular, these approaches are acquiring a new, relevant interpretation and practical significance.

The innovation cycles of innovations and innovations are considered, it is revealed that they differ in the composition of the stages of the innovation process, in addition, innovations are implemented in the innovation market, and innovations are implemented in the innovation market, except in cases of independent development of innovations at the enterprise. The essence of innovation as an economic category is revealed.

Innovation as an economic category includes a set of economic relationships that arise during the development, production, marketing and sale of new products. The definition of innovation from the perspective of a systematic approach is proposed. An innovation is a product of the development and production of new goods based on an acquired or independently created innovation. Their commercialization takes place at the stages of marketing and sales in the innovation market. The novelty of the formulated concept of “innovation”, unlike traditional ones, is the identification of the features of the content of the stages of its innovation cycle. The impact of innovation on improving the efficiency of the enterprise is considered on the example of LLC “Steel Way”, which specializes in the repair of railway wagons.

The methodology and results of calculations of the impact of innovation are presented to improve the efficiency of this enterprise.

The innovation, which consists in the introduction of a flow-through method of repairing wagons, will increase labor productivity by 29.5 %, reduce the cost of repairing wagons by 3.6 %, conditionally release 0.64 workers, annual savings on operating costs will reach 14 515 200 rubles, the annual economic effect will amount to 13 885 200 rubles, the payback period for capital investments is 0.29 years.

The analysis of the surrounding coastal relief of the North Caucasus Railway section, which is promising in terms of high-speed traffic development, and the coastal protection structures traditionally used on this section was carried out, and a three-dimensional map of the sailing directions near the section under study was constructed. A computer experiment was carried out using numerical modeling tools to examine the impact of storm waves on coastal protection structures and railway track structures in areas of intense coastal storm tide impact.

The intensity of the impact of hydrodynamic factors on structural elements and the indirect impact of traditional coastal protection structures on coastal erosion were estimated. Computer modeling was carried out using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method.

A map of the distribution of flow velocities and excess pressure for the incident and reflected wave was constructed using a section of the coast as an example, and numerical indicators of the impact of hydrodynamic factors on the coastal structures of the railway were obtained. The study showed the advantages of integrating these structures into the natural landscape due to a significant reduction in the impact of reflected waves on coastal erosion. A comparative analysis of the impact of the specified hydrodynamic factors on the classical and alternative designs of the substructure of the track in the coastal zone, ensuring maximum use of the natural protection of the coastline, was carried out.

The activities and lives of the country’s population depend on the reliable and safe operation of transport. Safety issues in rail transport have always been relevant. At the same time, the safety of any type of transport is a multifaceted concept. We are talking about the medical component of rail transport safety.

The causes of emergency situations in transport remain mainly traditional — natural disasters, emergency situations of anthropogenic nature — employee errors, accidents with cargo.

Currently, in connection with the terrorist threat and epidemiological problems in the world, the emergence of new threats to state security, each branch of industry, health care, education should be focused on the prevention, forecasting and prevention of emergency situations (ES). And in the event of an emergency, be ready for a timely investigation, minimizing the consequences for both the population and the liquidators.

Medical safety in rail transport is a component of these tasks, outlined by the President of Russia V.V. Putin for the near future — the creation of the “Sanitary Shield of the Country” program. Taking into account the significant role of the human factor both in the prevention and occurrence of emergencies, the medical unit plays one of the main roles in their prevention: medical selection of employees upon hiring and in the future, compliance with sanitary and hygienic conditions in the workplace. Therefore, to ensure medical safety in railway transport, it is necessary to train medical personnel, practice their interaction with all involved services and organizations, as well as their material and technical equipment.

In the article, the author identifies the increasing relevance of determining the legal basis for railway security in the context of increasing threats to railway security.

This relevance is associated with the clarification of the features and improvement of the activities of railway security structures in the context of their increasing role in ensuring the transport and logistics interests of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as Russia, RF, country) in the modern world, which is characterized by an unprecedented aggravation of international contradictions in the field of ensuring transport and other types of security.

The author generalizes that effective provision of railway security is possible only in the presence of certain prerequisites and conditions, which in their totality constitute the legal basis for this type of transport security. Based on the analysis of legislative, scientific and other sources, the author concludes that the set of regulatory and legal acts governing the sphere of railway security and the organization of the activities of entities ensuring it constitutes the legal basis for the functioning of this system. According to the author, this legal basis, taking into account regulatory and legal acts of different legal force, is divided into the following levels: international and national. The national level, in turn, is divided into three sublevels: the federal sublevel, the regional sublevel, and the local (municipal) sublevel. At the same time, this system allows solving the problems facing the subjects of ensuring transport security, but due to its cumbersomeness, fragmentation, and the presence of contradictions, it needs to be improved.

This circumstance actualizes the need for more in-depth studies of the sphere of legal regulation of railway security, on the basis of which it will be possible to develop effective proposals for improving legislation.

The engine of a diesel locomotive is a source of atmospheric pollution. The locomotive is designed in such a way that a large amount of fuel and oil is used. A certain type of diesel engine (diesel locomotive) has a very high oil consumption, which is impractical and unprofitable from the point of view of ecology and economics. The oil that washes the piston enters the combustion chamber and is released into the environment in the form of burning and soot. Some of the fuel is not consumed in full and goes out into the exhaust.

The cost of the transported cargo directly depends on the cost of fuel, oil and the length of the route. The analysis of the filters installed in the locomotive, which indicates partial gas purification, has been carried out. It has been established that the amount of substances released into the environment by a railway enterprise is 7–8 %.

It is concluded that in order to reduce the level of atmospheric pollution, it is necessary to introduce modern equipment, such as a hydrogen train, which solves environmental and economic issues.

The circumstances of the arrival of the French architect Auguste Ricard de Montferrand in Russia and his confirmation as an imperial architect engaged in projects of national importance are briefly recounted. A brief overview of the erection by Montferrand and his main assistant Antonio Adamini of the Alexander Column, one of the most significant monuments for the architectural appearance of the city of St. Petersburg, is presented. Montferrand’s activities in creating printed and handwritten monuments, in which the progress of the work was recorded, are considered, with the aim of glorifying the master and the engineering feat he accomplished. Particular attention is paid to individual collections of original handwritten drawings and plans related to the construction and located in the collection of rare books and manuscripts of the Scientific and Technical Library of the Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, such as the original project of the monument proposed by Montferrand, collections of drawings and plans prepared by Montferrand and Adamini, and the highest approved working drawings from the collection of the construction office for the construction of St. Isaac’s Cathedral. Handwritten materials are considered in the aspect of the purposes of their creation and features as sources by which it is possible to trace in detail the process of creating the monument.