The purpose of the study is to study the conditions and principles for the formation of digital educational platforms as a stage in the development of the system of staffing industries and human capital. To achieve this goal, the following main tasks were set and solved: an analysis was made of existing trends and factors in the development of the system of vocational education, resource constraints of educational organizations; development of the structure and principles of the formation of digital educational platforms, the economic model of its work; the nature of the relationship between key performance indicators is determined.

The object of the study is digital platforms that emulate the management of vocational education. Such platforms are seen as the next stage in the evolution of the vocational education system. The subject of the study is the process of implementing professional educational programs, which evolves from educational organizations that own educational programs to digital educational platforms that unite participants in the educational process (developers of educational programs, teachers, students, business).

The practical significance of the study lies in expanding the possibility of using digital educational platforms that can be used in parallel with traditional systems of vocational education. The main result of the presented research is the development of the structure, principles of formation and economic model of digital educational platforms, which are considered as the next stage in the development of the vocational education system.

This study is part of a comprehensive scientific study on the improvement of the human capital development system, conducted on the basis of the Samara State Transport University.

The paper considers the problems of implementing the federal project “Professionalitet”, which began in 2022 and is aimed at integrating technical schools (colleges) with enterprises of the real sector of the economy, with the participation of state support for the development of educational infrastructure at the expense of budget allocations of the federal budget.

Based on the analysis of the performance of the indicators of the federal project “Professionalitet”, a generalization and systematization of the effectiveness of participation in it of the Rostov State Transport University was carried out. A systematic analysis of regulatory legal acts on the implementation of the federal project “Professionalitet” has been carried out, shortcomings of legal regulation have been identified and proposals for its improvement have been formulated.

Taking into account the historically strong interaction of industrial technical schools (colleges) with railway transport enterprises, the old approaches in improving the activities of educational organizations for personnel training have been rethought and new approaches have been identified. The proposed approaches to the construction of educational and production centers (clusters) and the model of the infrastructure sheet can be useful for educational organizations when forming an application for participation in a competition for the creation and development of educational and production centers (clusters).

The author suggests possible directions for the development of the federal project “Professionalitet”, first of all, meeting new trends in legislation in the field of education on the creation of educational and industrial complexes as part of educational organizations of secondary vocational education.

The article discusses the process of designing a modern lesson using electronic educational resources and digital tools, the role of teaching aids in the educational process.

Analyzed didactic model of V.P. Smirnov, which is used in both traditional and distance learning. The process of designing a lesson through this model is looked at.

In pedagogical work, when summing up the final results of training, mental skills are systematized and classified using the taxonomy of the American psychologist B.S. Bloom. In accordance with the taxonomy, the learning outcomes make it possible to understand how well the student has mastered the content of the discipline.

The studies of Robert Gagne were studied, who developed a simple 9-step algorithm that can make the learning process as efficient as possible. Each level of education corresponds to a specific task, for the solution of which a variety of techniques, methods, teaching aids are offered. These stages of events are known to pedagogy even before Gagne, he designed and assembled them into his system. Stimulating internal learning processes with digital tools can dramatically improve performance.

The teacher is asked to be careful about the choice of digital tools for implementation in their professional activities, to use well-established teaching methods and tools, to introduce new resources gradually.

This article is devoted to the issues that arise with increasing requirements for the quality of training of specialists, which requires a revision of approaches to the educational process, finding new ways to increase the efficiency of educational organizations. In this paper, the issues of applying military system engineering approaches to the analysis of the functioning of the social system are considered. The main approaches to the description of the processes occurring in the system are considered. The characteristics of interpersonal conflicts arising in social systems are described. The analysis of the manager's work is presented, as well as the system management algorithm. Special attention is paid to the network method of educational process management. This method is considered by the example of solving problems when performing a course project on the discipline “Theory of mechanisms and machines”. The proposed method allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of work in the management of the educational process. This work allows you to develop a team management strategy and evaluate the effectiveness of its work in the light of system engineering.

The organization and conduct of the practice of students of Roszheldor in specialized organizations are considered. Documentary materials of the organization and conduct of the practice, annual reports submitted to the Federal Agency for Railway Transport were used. Some statistical data on the results of testing practice in specialized organizations are given.

The main points of checking practical training are analyzed. Practical training in terms of practice is the most complex form of the educational process, both in organizational and methodological terms. The difficulty lies in the ability of the organizers of the practice to combine the interests of the specialized and educational organizations, to adapt the learning process to practical tasks. Verification of practical training in terms of practice is checked in two directions in educational organizations and at railway transport infrastructure facilities.

There is an increase in the number of full-time students of secondary vocational education who have practiced at paid jobs.

Currently, there is no information about the demand for personnel by enterprises in the coming years, which may affect the state of the vocational education system, and this, in turn, will have an impact on the development of social partnership between educational organizations and employers. Based on the cooperation of educational and specialized organizations, including the creation of training and production clusters, it is important to explore new opportunities for innovative trends, taking into account established traditions.

Using the examples from foreign practice the article considers the present stage of development of ware-house logistics based on the concept of digitalization and automation of logistics and transport. A practical solution to the problems of logistics development is implemented through real projects, the introduction of the latest technologies, the construction of new facilities and the modernization of existing ones, the use of innovative handling, storage and process equipment, as well as new software products and digital systems. Technical solutions in engineering and construction projects of the new general cargo warehouses and logistics centers are discussed.

Much attention is paid to IT systems in warehouse logistics, which made it possible to implement a number of innovative solutions in digitalization and automation abroad. Without technology and IT systems, effective internal logistics, service, technical support for handling and storage equipment are impossible today. Therefore, lifecycle management and preventive maintenance require smart tools.

Examples of the new types of handling and storage equipment are given, which control transport & storage and loading & unloading operations. The creation and practical application of new types of handling and storage equipment actively supports the implementation of common goals for the development of warehouse logistics.

Digitalization is currently one of the main drivers for the development of all sectors of the economy. The main principles of functioning and competitive advantages of Russia's largest payment service are discussed in the research. The introduction of new digital services contributes to both the efficiency of economic activity and an increase in transparency. The development and use of a unified payment system in the railway industry helps to reduce costs and improve the quality of customer experience in both freight and passenger transportation. The introduction of the Rapid Payment System service at the national level contributes to the unification and harmonization of digital processes in banking and the interaction of B2B and B2C segments in the transport and logistics ecosystem. The high level of cybersecurity of Rapid Payment System contributes to both technological sovereignty of the industry and Russia as a whole.

The interests of clients of the railway industry and Russian Railways in matters of recovery and compensation for “lost profits” and “lost opportunities” are not considered and regulated in laws and by-laws regarding railway transportation. Claim work is based on compensation for real damage both from users of railway transport services and from the Russian Railways holding.

An algorithm for the formation, submission and resolution of claims in the provision of rail transportation services is considered. The functionality of the personal account for the clients of JSC “Russian Railways” of the project “Electronic Claimant” was analyzed. The importance of developing a basic formula that takes into account the factors affecting the amount of lost profits is indicated. The existing scheme for conducting recourse work to recover losses of Russian Railways JSC is given and a scheme for conducting claim work to compensate for lost profits of Russian Railways JSC on the basis of a unified automated system of act and claim work is presented. It is proposed as a basis for further elaboration of this issue, a mechanism for rebilling in the event of final losses from a failed transportation for clients of the Russian Railways holding. The expediency of applying a possible replacement transaction when the company finds another counterparty is also considered. The application of these measures will make it possible to create equal competitive conditions in the market for all customers and the Russian Railways holding.

The semantics of the concept of “digital twin of a railway station” is investigated for compliance with the existing technical and informational level of obtaining an adequate digital image of a complex dynamic system that can correctly reproduce the dynamics of technological processes and states of infrastructure objects and rolling stock under certain conditions initial conditions and factorial influences. The digital twin of the station is a visualized model image of a complex technical system, in which the model rules constructing the technology make it possible to acquire models with additional degrees of freedom, leading to the possibility of reconstructing multidimensional variations of the potential states of cars and railway track.

It is proposed to use an alternative concept of an information replica, as reflecting the adequacy of the form and content of three-dimensional dynamic models of various objects of railway stations.

The possibility of developing a model info-replica to the level of a digital twin of the station is being studied in the formation of a software environment for modeling the physics of processes and reliable forecasting of the states of objects in the foreseeable event horizon with the production of dangerous states of infrastructure and rolling stock and a program-controlled return to the zone well, the regulatory technology of the station.

The results obtained will make it possible to form a definite and stable point of view on the functional field of the possible use of the term “digital twin of a railway station”.

This article discusses the legal support of unmanned trains on the railways of the Russian Federation. The technical equipment of trains with the maximum level of automation, the principle of organization and control of the movement of such trains, the role of drivers in driving the train are presented. The chronology of the development of automated trains in Russia is clearly shown. The levels of automation are given. Difficulties in testing and using unmanned trains are highlighted.

The legislative base of unmanned trains in Russia is analyzed, the “gaps” in legal regulation are shown. The possible problems that may arise in the future when unmanned trains are put into operation are highlighted.

For comparison, the legal aspect of the organization of self-driving cars is considered, it is reflected how much they are ahead of automated railway transport in regulating their operation.

The prospects of development and the reasons for the need for unmanned trains on railways are described.

In the current geopolitical situation, the digitalization of the transport and logistics complex is one of the main drivers of its development. The introduction of unmanned technologies plays an important role in the formation of technological sovereignty within Industry 4.0, and also acts as a significant competitive advantage in the development of the industry. Unmanned vehicles are the future of both the railway and other modes of transport.

The relevance of the issue of construction waste management is considered on the example of soil during the construction of the railway track. The main requirements for the soils of the subgrade, as one of the components of the railway track, ensuring the safety of rolling stock movement, are listed. Definitions of construction waste and recycling are given; classification of waste generated during the dismantling and repair of railway track facilities in accordance with regulatory documents. The advantages, the main task of recycling, as well as the main reasons that exclude this method in solving the problem of getting rid of construction waste are indicated. The main pollutants of the soil, which is removed during the repair of the railway track, have been identified. The methods of utilization of soils for the construction of the railway subgrade containing petroleum and organic inclusions are considered. The main methods of extracting petroleum products, depending on the degree of contamination and terrain conditions, taking into account efficiency and environmental safety: physico-chemical method, cutting out the top layer of soil, washing with high-pressure water jets and pumping out pulp, microbiological cleaning, washing using drainage systems, capillary absorption of porous materials and others. Peat processing methods: production of pellets, pyrolysis, hydrolysis.

The system of ensuring transport security in railway transport is considered, aimed at reducing the risk of committing acts of unlawful interference, including terrorist acts, using weapons, explosives and other dangerous substances, by limiting their carrying by the offender to transport infrastructure facilities and vehicles.

A list of high-risk goods transported by rail is given. The normative documents regulating transport security are analyzed. The minimum number of posts of the transport security unit for the transport infrastructure facility has been determined.

Measures aimed at improving the efficiency of the transport security system are presented.

Under the operating conditions of the locomotive fleet, a preventive maintenance and current repair system for locomotives is used, on the basis of which reliability is managed by regulating the norms of overhaul runs. Regulation of the norms of overhaul runs is carried out to optimize the risks of failure of locomotives along the route, thus the system for managing the reliability of the locomotive fleet is arranged. The conditions for regulating the norms of overhaul runs of locomotives are limited by the internal regulations of the monopoly company (JSC Russian Railways) and take discrete values of no more than 20 % of the established values. Often, the regulation of the norms of overhaul runs of locomotives is carried out only in the direction of increase due to attempts to reduce the cost of maintenance and repair. However, this approach does not take into account the possibility of increasing costs due to the consequences of a failure along the route and unscheduled repairs, which characterizes the lack of accountability in making such a decision, which is undoubtedly an urgent problem for the locomotive complex.

The article presents the statistics of failures of locomotive units for enlarged groups of equipment according to the form TO-15 “Report on unscheduled repair of locomotives” for the Far Eastern Railway and uses methods for situational analysis of locomotive failures.

As a result of a situational analysis of locomotive failures, limiting (overhaul run norms) groups of locomotive units were established, the stages for resolving the issue of the lack of accountability of decisions made under the conditions of optimization of locomotive run overhaul norms were determined.

The value of the results obtained lies in the possibility of improving the system for managing the reliability of locomotives — the system of maintenance and repair in the field of decision-making on the gradient of optimizing the norms of overhaul runs.

The historical aspects of the development of the system of personnel training for railways at the level of secondary vocational education are studied. The main stages of the formation, development and current state of the St. Petersburg College of Railway Transport are given. The results of the introduction of modern technologies for training transport technicians are shown.

The relevance of the study is related to solving the problems of secondary vocational education in the preparation of students in working specialties with their further promotion in the system of continuous education to personnel of higher professional qualifications. The issues of prospects for the development of targeted training for the training of employees for transport structures according to a personal educational program are touched upon. As directions for optimizing secondary vocational education, methods are proposed for developing cognitive interest in mastering professional competencies, introducing mentoring at enterprises and strengthening the professional orientation of the educational process. In the laboratories of the technical school, students collectively solve specific production problems, analyze situations, participate in business games, production quests at railway transport enterprises, etc. The participation of students in the championships of professional skills, demonstration exams in the logic of strengthening the professional orientation of training for the preparation of a highly qualified transport technician with a diploma of secondary vocational education is considered.

The history and present days of the Volgograd Technical School of Railway Transport, a branch of the Rostov State Transport University, are considered. An innovative educational space has been formed in the technical school, within which teachers have developed personal websites with interactive elements, electronic learning modules, electronic laboratories, the idea of creating an educational mini-quantorium is being implemented.

From the moment of its formation to the present day, the technical school conducts specialized training of mid-level specialists for railway transport enterprises. Classrooms, laboratories, workshops are equipped with modern training complexes, software that allows students to solve professional problems.

The innovative educational space of the technical school not only provides training for a specialist in the railway industry who is competitive in the labor market, versed in related fields of activity, able to improve in professional skills, but also synchronizes training in accordance with the needs of the labor market. Today, the technical school is a modern educational institution that trains railway industry specialists who are in demand on the modern labor market under secondary vocational education programs.

At the end of March 2022, Rostov State Transport University won the competitive selection for grants from the federal budget to participate in the federal project (FP) “Professionalitet” of the national project “Education”. The branches of the university were chosen as sites for the implementation of the project: the Rostov State Transport University technical school (Rostov-on-Don) and the Likhovsky College of Railway Transport.

The “Professionalitet” program is aimed at improving the quality of training for Russian Railways, and provides for the introduction of new programs in the system of secondary vocational education with reduced training periods. At the same time, the preparation of students will be more intensive and practice-oriented. Young people will receive skills in accordance with the professional standards and requirements of Russian Railways.

Thanks to the implementation of the national project “Education”, increased attention is paid to the development of the professional competence of teachers. In addition, they are introduced to various projects aimed at improving the education system.

Railway specialties in the labor market are becoming more in demand, competitiveness is growing. The implementation of the FP is an important milestone in the transformation of the education system, a step towards the formation of a highly qualified specialist for the leading enterprise in the region.