In the article the issue of transforming the transport education in the Russian Federation is discussed, substantiating the necessity to introduce educational tracks to form a young specialist since the set of his professional skills should forestall the level of the current manufacturing technologies used.

The strategic documents of the transport industry have been analyzed with requests identifi ed presenting specifi cs of their own for operation under digital economy and at a digital railroad.

The promising directions in the fi eld of digital economy are considered. The digital twins technology to be used in the process of monitoring buildings and structures as well as in modeling and optimizing business and technological processes has been identifi ed and analyzed. At the moment, most universities have come to the conclusion that the most effi cient model of education is a mixed model of off - and online student training formats according to engineering team technology using a virtual project environment.

The transformation of educational policy within engineering teams does not seem possible without using “nuclear programs” with diff erent levels of complexity and new principles of working with talented students as well as diff erent training periods for students and a pool of potential customers for targeted training.

The training of graduates of secondary vocational education for JSC “Russian Railways” in targeted training at the branch of the RSTU in Voronezh was analyzed.

The main results of the study are presented, the features of the organization of targeted training, based on many years of experience, are noted. An assessment is made of the need to select applicants for targeted training by the structural divisions of Russian Railways. The eff ectiveness of targeted training based on the results of graduation from the department of secondary vocational education of the RSTU branch in Voronezh over the past three years is shown. Of the total number of graduates with a target area, 100 % are employed in divisions of Russian Railways. Graduates who studied under targeted contracts are 100 % fi xed in their places of work.

The branch attaches great importance to vocational guidance work with schoolchildren. The branch of RSTU in Voronezh became a participant in an experiment on the development, testing and implementation of a new educational technology for designing educational programs for secondary vocational education within the framework of the federal project “Professionalitet”. Currently, active work is underway to prepare for the implementation of this line of activity by the branch with the participation of industry enterprises.

The factors of interaction between an educational institution of secondary vocational education, subordinated to Roszheldor, and an employer to improve the targeted training of graduates of secondary vocational education are considered.

Topical issues of teaching mathematics in institutions of secondary vocational education are considered. Some problems and methods for their solution are analyzed. Diff erent levels of students’ mathematical knowledge base presuppose the use of learning diff erentiation. A diff erentiated approach is necessary not only to improve the performance of weak students, but also to develop the abilities of strong ones.

A connection between learning and practice is required, since a motivated interest and desire to achieve any success arises in students when they see the possibility of practical application of the material being studied. One of the principles of developmental education is the development of independent thinking of the student, the ability for self-education and self-development. In addition to professional skills and competencies, it is important for a modern specialist to have such qualities as a responsible attitude to his actions, the ability to act consciously in any conditions, and make unconventional decisions.

A differentiated approach, teaching the practical application of mathematical knowledge in solving applied problems, independent work of students, distance learning is just some of the forms used in the educational process. Any methods and approaches in teaching mathematics must have a specifi c goal, a system of actions, means and techniques.

The reform of the modern education system involves a paradigm shift in education, where the focus is on the development of personal creative abilities. Special attention is given to the search for individual self-determination of students, creating conditions for their full development and self-realization, and organizing the learning process according to their needs and abilities. In this context, educational organizations need to change the organization of the educational process and implement innovative personal-oriented technologies and tools for managing the educational process.

The goal of this article is to examine approaches to managing the personalization of the educational process through the development and implementation of individual educational trajectories. The authors are present arguments in favor of the necessity of personalization in the educational process, as well as its essence and characteristics. Personalization is considered as a way of designing an educational environment that meets the interests, values, motivations, and needs of each learner and is based on their personal resources and individual characteristic, as well as ensuring the optimal choice of forms and methods of learning.

The article is discussing methods of individualizing the educational trajectory of a graduate of vocational education, identifi es and describes a set of organizational and substantive measures aimed at managing the personalization of the educational process through the creation of individual educational trajectories in mixed groups.

From the information presented, it can be concluded that the management of the personalization of the educational process is a sequential process, which results in a change in the personality of the student. The personalization is contributing to the eff ectiveness of educational activities and requires special complex and systematic actions on the part of the educational organization and all participants in educational relations.

At present, the organization of the educational process involves the creation of conditions for learning corresponding to the individual characteristics of students; development of individuality, independence and creative potential of the individual. The freedom to choose the elements of the educational process is provided. The main goal of this is to organically combine the system of higher education with the training of highly qualifi ed mid-level personnel.

The interests of participants in educational relations increasingly coincide in matters of training in educational programs of secondary vocational education, not only in terms of being in demand on the labor market, but also in terms of a set of competencies that provide graduates with high competitiveness. The article considers the algorithm for the formation of a set of diff erent competencies in railway specialties of secondary vocational education, depending on the needs of the main employer — “Russian Railways”. The importance of using fl exible, “seamless” technologies in the development of methods of educational activities that allow, in the conditions of digital transformation, to take into account the individual needs of students as much as possible is substantiated. A “fan” model for training mid-level specialists is proposed, which makes it possible to model educational activities using the functions of a constructor. The practice of applying the “fan” model on the example of St. Petersburg College of Railway Transport — structural unit Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), has confi rmed its eff ectiveness, providing multiskilling, professionalism and quality of graduate training.

A signifi cant place in the national project “Education” is occupied by the federal project “Social elevators for everyone”, aimed at creating opportunities for professional and career growth for citizens through the formation and development of a system of professional competitions. Olympiads and competitions organized by the founder play an important role in developing the creative potential of students and teaching staff of educational organizations subordinate to the Federal Agency for Railway Transport.

The Samara State University of Railway Transport has formed a mechanism and traditions of holding Olympiads and competitions, which allows motivating all participants of these events, stimulates the systematization and improvement of pedagogical and methodological support of the educational process, contributing to the professional and personal growth of students and teachers. Particularly important in the work of this mechanism is the participation of employees of higher educational institutions and the most authoritative representatives of branches implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education in the composition of the competition commissions, which makes it possible to make the process of evaluating competitive works as open and objective as possible. The mobility and effi ciency of the work of the commission members at all stages allows us to ensure the on-line mode of its work.

There can be no losers in the self-realization of both students and teachers — participants in competitions. Therefore, during the regional stages of competitions, almost all participants are awarded with diplomas of winners of the regional stage and letters of thanks from the rector.

Modern socio-economic conditions, the labor market, fi erce competition between educational institutions of secondary vocational education for applicants require eff ective career guidance in the region and beyond. Vocational guidance among young people is an important direction in the process of education and upbringing.

The Ryazan branch of PGUPS has developed a comprehensive career guidance program “Create the Future of Russian Railways”. The program sets the following tasks: to form a positive image of the Ryazan branch of PGUPS; increase the level of public awareness of the educational institution in the region and the competitiveness of the branch in the educational services market; create conditions for conscious professional self-determination and disclosure of personality abilities; to strengthen relations with employers, social partners in matters of career guidance. Career guidance activities in an educational institution of secondary vocational education are organized in three areas: work among students of schools in the city and region; among students in order to retain the contingent and graduates to ensure successful employment.

For successful career guidance, it is necessary to use both traditional methods and forms, and information technology. The data of the admission campaign from 2018 to 2021 were analyzed. The analysis showed the effectiveness of complex career guidance work among applicants.

The purpose of our study is to study the infl uence of locus control on the behavior of students of railway technical schools and to study the possible intermediary role of self-esteem and self-esteem of students. A total of 220 fi rst-year students and 210 fourth-year students completed the USC personality questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Self-esteem scale, and the Coping Behavior in Stressful Situations questionnaire.

The analysis showed that the external locus of control, reduced self-esteem and self-esteem suggests a violent emotional reaction to situations. At the same time, students with an internal locus of control and adequate sel f-esteem have a behavior strategy aimed at rational problem solving without being distracted by emotions. These results show that it is necessary to pay closer attention to the formation of the internal locus of control among students of railway technical schools, as this is directly related to their future professional activities.

This article summarizes the experience of educational work organized in the dormitory of the Kursk Railway Technical School, which is an integral part of the education system of this professional educational institution. The presented material allows us to conclude about a stable and well-established system of educational activities in which students living in the hostel are involved, as well as about an integrated approach to education, since all the main directions of educational work in the hostel are involved: spiritual and moral, civil law, patriotic, professionally oriented, sports and health-saving, environmental, cultural-creative and business-oriented.

The article provides many concrete examples of activities in each of these areas. Special attention is paid to the so-called economic education, home economics. In addition, the focus of the teachers of the dormitory on the use of a level approach in working with students — primary and secondary prevention of deviant behavior.

Orientation to student assets allows students to act not only as an object, but also as a subject of the educational process. A signifi cant role in this is assigned to the main body of student self-government — the Council of students of the hostel.

The article presents the results of a questionnaire survey of the population on the example of the city of Irkutsk. The article is devoted to the study of the target structure of movement. Movements are carried out in a specifi c sequence, taking into account the purposes of movement, daily time, and the location of the purposes for visiting.

The general and transport mobility of the population of a particular city should be determined on the basis of special survey (questionnaire) surveys.

Surveys are conducted to obtain data on the magnitude, direction and nature of the movements and trips of the population in the urban space, which serve to analyze the current state, establish patterns and use them to predict the load and form transport systems.

Within the framework of the study, in order to study the target structure of the transport mobility of the population, a questionnaire survey was conducted among residents of the city of Irkutsk, as well as the nearby cities of Shelekhov and Angarsk.

The questionnaire is presented in two forms: a printed, more concise version of the questionnaire, and an online questionnaire.

Processing of printed versions of the questionnaires was carried out by entering data into a special electronic form, followed by conversion into MS Excel tabular format.

When analyzing the relationship between the target structure and the number of movements, it follows that with an increase in the number of movements, the diversity of goals increases. This conclusion can be substantiated by the fact that people have a large number of goals and in the presence of free time, each of them tries to realize them, thereby visiting diff erent places.

With any number of movements, trips to work and home are more valuable, and for cultural and domestic purposes, “shopping” and “rest” are the most common.

In this study, a hypothesis was put forward: do goals diff er with diff erent numbers of movements. As a result of comparing dependent samples — the target structure and the number of movements, we can conclude that with 3 and 4 movements there are no statistically signifi cant diff erences in the target structure.

The purpose of the study is to study the process of professional selection of candidates and the subsequent development of professional competencies. To determine the infl uence of skills and abilities on management decisions.

The process of selection and training of personnel of the leading transport company of Russia — JSC “Russian Railways” is considered. The main stages of professional selection and its goals are described, as well as specifi c examples of methods and tools used in the process are given. Special attention is paid to the training and development of personnel, including the description of professional development and professional growth programs that allow employees to develop their skills and competencies. The infl uence of the level of profi ciency in skills and knowledge on operational decision-making is considered.

In general, the article allows you to get acquainted with the specifi cs of the process of professional selection and training in the company, and also gives an idea of how JSC “Russian Railways” provides high-quality training of its employees for successful work in the railway industry. The specifi cs of working in the railway industry are discussed, including the requirements for the qualifi cations and professional skills of employees. In conclusion, the importance of professional selection and training for the development of the company’s human resources and improving the quality of services provided is emphasized.

During the operation of the tunnel crossing, to maintain its required technical condition, preventive and repair work is carried out, with the exception of track work, by forces and means of the track distance.

When servicing tunnel crossings, compliance with safety regulations for people, as well as the established mode of train traffi c, must be ensured. To ensure the necessary conditions for the operation and repair of technological equipment, technological service platforms, mezzanines, stairs with non-removable railings are arranged at intersections. When using non-removable or bulky guards during maintenance and repair work at tunnel crossings on highways, the safe movement of vehicles and people is quite problematic.

In cramped tunnel conditions, instead of fences having a welded structure, it is proposed to use a removable railing structure that will not interfere with the movement of railway transport and ensure the safety of work processes. The removable railing device includes: a fastening plate, a fastening bracket into which the railing plate is installed.

The main parameters of removable railings are determined. The sequence of installation of a replaceable fence is described.

The use of removable railings in the enclosing structures will ensure the passage of vehicles, taking into account the requirements for the safety of working processes at tunnel crossings without disturbing the train traffic.

On railway transport, a large amount of water is used for production needs, respectively, domestic wastewater contaminated with petroleum products is formed.

For water purifi cation in modern conditions, oil traps or oil traps are used. They are designed for cleaning ground, thawed, rainwater, water from washing rolling stock, washing components and parts before repair in electroplating workshops or sites, when washing and refueling batteries, fi lter regeneration, when purging and washing steam boilers, washing inspection ditches and washing overalls.

As a result of man-made disasters on railway transport, there may be pollution of water bodies, as a result of which there is a violation of the integrity of ecological systems and the death of living organisms.

To eliminate the consequences of pollution of water bodies, JSC “Russian Railways” uses mechanical, chemical and biological methods of water purifi cation. Additionally, it is advisable to use modern types of sorbents. The choice of a method for cleaning reservoirs depends on many factors, the most important of which are the volume and scale of pollution.

A number of bacterial preparations have been created in Russia that are successfully used to clean water bodies and shorelines from oil pollution.

Voronezh State University, with the cooperation of VEGA-eco LLC, is developing a biological product of the genus Acinetobacter (B-2838, B-5064 and B-3780), which is capable of refi ning oil.

The drug “Devoroil” is used to clean oil-contaminated sites at railway enterprises. It includes an association of cells of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms and additives that activate the process of biodegradation of oil. The working time of the drug “Devoroil” is 2-3 months.

Today, there are 25 known species of bacteria and fungi that decompose hydrocarbons.

These organisms work in a complex and participate in the biochemical carbon cycle in nature, being powerful tools in the fi eld of environmental microbiology.

As a result of the development of scientifi c and technological progress, it becomes possible to create new technologies in the fi ght against man–made disasters.

In 2023, the state budgetary professional educational institution of the Republic of Dagestan “Railway College” (Derbent) celebrated its 120th anniversary.

Under the conditions of an intensively operating network of railways, the professional qualities and level of training of railway specialists are of particular importance. The development and improvement of a complex railway complex is directly related to and depends on the level of personnel training.

The history of creation and the long way of development and improvement of the Derbent College is of interest even today. It is important to know your past, to remember the path that our railways have traveled, to do everything so that the transport personnel training system always corresponds to the level of tasks solved by transport.